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Medium hardwoods - Kandis

The Standard Malaysian Name as well as the ASEAN Standard Name for the timber of Garcinia spp.(Guttiferae). Vernacular names applied include asam gelugor (Peninsular Malaysia), bebata (Sabah), bruas (Peninsular Malaysia), lulai (Peninsular Malaysia), manggis hutan (Peninsular Malaysia) and sikop (Sarawak). Major species include G.atroviridis, G.bancana, G.cowa, G.beccarii, G.griffithii, G.hombroniana, G.malaccensis, G.merguensis, G.nigrolineata and G.parvifolia. The sapwood is usually lighter in colour than the heartwood and is not sharply differentiated from the heartwood, except for G.hombroniana, where the red-brown sapwood is distinct from the dark red-brown heartwood. The heartwood is variable in colour, dark red-brown in some species and yellow in others.

Also known as Prus (Cambodia); Laubu (Fiji); Beruas (Indonesia); Kuak li (Laos); Bunog (Philippines); Cha muang (Thailand); and Roi (Vietnam).

DENSITY

The timber is moderately hard to very hard and moderately heavy to very heavy with a density of 690-1,120 kg/m3 air dry.

NATURAL DURABILITY

The timber is expected to be at least moderately durable if kept away from termites

TEXTURE

Texture is moderately fine and even with straight grain.

MACHINING PROPERTIES

It is reported to be difficult to work due to its hardness and the presence of silica in some species. The timber, however, turns well.

USES

The timber is suitable for poles, posts, flooring, pallets (expendable type), staircase (apron lining, handrail and newels). The heavier species are suitable for semi-permanent medium construction like temporary bridges, extraction tramways, telegraphic and power transmission posts and cross arms.

REFERENCES

Menon, P.K.B. 1986. Uses of Some Malaysian Timbers. Revised by Lim, S.C. Timber Trade Leaflet No.31. The Malaysian Timber Industry Board and Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.48 pp.

Wong, T.M.1982. A Dictionary of Malaysian Timbers. Revised by Lim S.C. & Chung R. C. K. Malayan Forest Records No.30. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. 201 pp.